... In a study of the effects of carotenoids on the initiation of liver carcinogenesis by aflatoxin B1, male weanling rats were fed beta-carotene, beta-apo-8ยด-carotenal, cantha-
xanthin, astaxanthin, or lycopene at 300 mg/kg...
http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v47je02.htm